Important things you should know about Obstetric Fistula

Every 23rd of May is an international day specially for reminders of the mission to end obstetric fistula across the world. This year’s theme, according to the United Nations, is “Breaking the Cycle: preventing fistula worldwide.” 

If you ask me, Nigeria is really burdened by cases of obstetric fistula. Despite different initiatives, it is still a burden and there’s a lot to be done. 

According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Nigeria accounts for 40% of obstetric fistula cases across the world. Between 80% to 95% cases are caused from prolonged labour and not having access to a caesarean section. 

This article explains some of the important things you should know, to give you an insight into obstetric fistula.

What does Obstetric Fistula mean?

Obstetric Fistula is a hole between the bladder and birth canal. It occurs when there is prolonged child labour without getting adequate and quality medical treatment. Women in this state usually end up having urinary problems, depression, uncontrolled defecation and face isolation.  

What are the causes?

Fistula, like many other health challenges, doesn’t just happen. It is as a result of circumstances listed below:

1. Prolonged labour.
2. Poorly performed abortions.
3. Not detecting inflammatory bowel disease on time.
4. If there is no proper care after sexual abuse or rape.
5. Giving birth at home or in a poor clinic with no necessary equipment.
6. The economic, political and social causes of obstetric fistula are; malnutrition, poverty, early marriage and lack of education.

What are the effects?

1. Prolonged child labour can lead to stillborn if caesarean section or other medical treatments is not done on time.
2. Inability to pass out faeces and urine conveniently causes wounds. As a result of this, women struggle with walking and limit water intake.
3. Women are exposed to infections and diseases. The kidney is usually affected which sometimes leads to death.
4. Fistula causes stigmatization. Women are either abandoned by their husbands or disowned by their families.
5. It can cause psychological problems or trauma. The humiliation they get from being smelly and inability to perform as a woman damages them.

How to address Obstetric fistula 

1. Access to quality medical care and qualified professionals.
2. Government investing in fistula treatment and addressing the discrimination that comes with it.
3. Constant awareness and education on early childbirth and traditional practices.