The Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Prof Joash Ojo Amupitan, SAN, has said the success of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in elections will depend more on strong institutions and effective governance than on the sophistication of the technology.
The INEC chairman stated this on Thursday, September 10, 2026, while delivering Nigeria’s presentation at the Global Conference on Responsible AI and Elections in Ottawa, Canada.
He was accompanied by INEC’s Director of Information and Communication Technology, Dr Lawrence Bayode.
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The INEC chairman said the increasing use of algorithms and data in democratic processes had made responsible innovation a major consideration for election management bodies.
According to him, Nigeria has progressively deployed technology to improve the credibility, efficiency and transparency of its elections, citing the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS), INEC Result Viewing Portal (IReV) and Automated Biometric Identification System (ABIS).
He said the technologies were introduced to reduce human error and limit manual interference in the electoral process.
Amupitan noted that the scale of elections in Nigeria made technology indispensable, with more than 93 million registered voters, about 180,000 polling units and approximately 185,000 BVAS devices deployed across the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory.
“AI must strengthen electoral integrity, improve public service, and always remain under human control,” he said.
He cautioned that the adoption of AI should not be driven by technology for its own sake, but by its ability to deliver measurable improvements in election administration, service delivery and public confidence.
The INEC chairman also outlined the legal framework governing technology deployment in Nigeria’s elections, including the 1999 Constitution, Electoral Act 2026, INEC regulations, Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 and Cybercrimes Act 2024.
He said the Electoral Act 2026 provides for the voters’ register, electronic voting devices, biometric accreditation, electronic transmission of results, as well as the use of accredited and transmitted data in the collation and declaration of results.
On preparations for AI adoption, Amupitan said INEC had commenced institutional measures, including the development of an AI Roadmap for phased adoption and an AI Governance Framework undergoing internal approval.
He added that the Commission was also investing in AI literacy and staff capacity building, while adopting a multidisciplinary approach involving its ICT, Operations, Legal, Voter Education and Risk Management departments.
“Responsible AI begins with institutional readiness — not technology,” he said.
Amupitan listed five principles guiding the Commission’s AI initiatives as human oversight; transparency and accountability; data protection and privacy; cybersecurity and risk management; and operational value and public trust.
He stressed that AI would remain a support tool for election officials and would not replace human decision-making.
Giving an example, he said INEC had introduced an intelligent Results Management process through which polling unit result forms are digitised, data extracted from scanned Form EC8A, and figures compared with BVAS entries.
According to him, discrepancies are automatically flagged for review by officials before publication.
“The system does not alter results. It assists officials by identifying issues that require human attention,” he explained.
The INEC chairman said effective AI deployment would require trained personnel, quality datasets, secure platforms, system integration, audit trails and collaboration among departments, rather than software alone.
He said the Commission would assess AI projects based on indicators such as reduced processing errors, improved efficiency, system reliability, staff acceptance, security performance, public confidence and sustainability before considering nationwide expansion.
Amupitan added that projects without clear value would be reviewed and refined before being scaled up.
Beyond election operations, he said INEC was exploring AI-powered citizen services, including intelligent voter information tools, AI-assisted responses to frequently asked questions and support for voter registration.
Reflecting on the lessons from technology adoption, he said successful AI implementation required leadership commitment, skilled personnel, strong governance, quality data, human oversight, continuous evaluation and clear communication with the public.
Looking ahead, Amupitan said INEC’s vision was to build an AI-enabled Election Management Body by strengthening AI governance, expanding staff capacity, responsibly scaling successful applications and enhancing cybersecurity while preserving transparency and public trust.
“Responsible AI is not defined by the sophistication of the technology, but by the strength of the institutions that govern it,” the INEC chairman added.
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