A potential new test using menstrual blood could one day offer a simpler, non-invasive way to detect endometriosis, according to research published in Nature.
Endometriosis is a long-term condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows outside it, often affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes and surrounding pelvic structures. It is estimated to affect around one in 10 women of reproductive age globally and is commonly associated with severe menstrual pain, fatigue and fertility problems.
One of the most persistent challenges in managing the condition is delayed diagnosis. Many patients wait years—often seven to ten—before receiving a confirmed diagnosis, with symptoms frequently misunderstood or normalised.
Researchers say this gap in detection contributes to ongoing pain and long-term health impacts.
The new study explores whether menstrual blood could be used to identify indicators of the condition, potentially replacing or reducing reliance on laparoscopy, a surgical procedure currently used to diagnose endometriosis.
Scientists involved in the research suggested that menstrual blood from people with endometriosis may show distinct patterns compared with that of those without the condition. These differences, they say, could form the basis of a future diagnostic test.
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the womb behaves as it normally would during a menstrual cycle—thickening and breaking down—but becomes trapped in areas outside the womb. This can lead to inflammation, scarring and, in some cases, damage to surrounding organs over time.
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The condition can have wide-ranging effects beyond pain, including impacts on bowel and bladder function, sexual health and mental wellbeing. The World Health Organization has previously highlighted its significant burden on quality of life.
Researchers say women experiencing symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain, painful or heavy periods, pain during intercourse, or persistent fatigue should seek medical advice, as early investigation remains important.
However, they caution that the menstrual blood test is still at an experimental stage.
Larger studies are needed to confirm its accuracy and determine whether it can reliably distinguish endometriosis from other conditions. It is not yet ready to replace existing diagnostic methods.
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